Astronomical Info / 天文資訊 > Special Events / 特別項目 > Total Lunar Eclipse of December 10th, 2011 | 2011 年 12 月 10 日之月全食 [Refresh 更新]

Quick info 快速資訊: Eclipse time at Hong Kong 香港可見月食時間 : 2011/12/10 19:33 - 12/11 01:30 HKT

Quick links 快速連結:
- Live webcast 網上直播 - Information about the eclipse 是次月食資料
- Local (HK) circumstances 本地 (香港) 情況 - Future lunar eclipses 未來月食
- Lunar eclipse basic knowledge 月食基礎知識 - More eclipse info 更多日月食資訊

Live webcast 網上直播 (Completed 已完結)

The following shows the Moon as seen during the eclipse. 下圖顯示月食時月球的型態:

Please click on the link below for live webcast. All links (on the left panel) redirect you to external websites and open in new windows. Additional links may be added during the eclipse. 請按下列連結以觀看網上直播。所有 (左方) 連結連至第三者網站並以新視窗開啟,而月食進行期間我們可能會增添直播連結。

Provider 提供者 Notes 備註 (All times in HKT 所有時間為香港時間)
- Hong Kong Observatory 香港天文台 / Hong Kong Space Museum 香港太空館 Hong Kong 香港
The whole eclipse can be observed in this area. For times of eclipse stages, please refer to here. 上述地點可見整個月食過程。有關月食時間詳見這裡

- Hong Kong Astronomical Society 香港天文學會

- Slooh.com

N/A 不適用

- Sky Watchers Association of North Bengal, India Siliguri, West Bengal, India 西里古里 (印度西孟加拉邦)
The whole eclipse can be observed in this area. For times of eclipse stages, please refer to here. 上述地點可見整個月食過程。有關月食時間詳見這裡
- Seikei Meteorological Observatory, Tokyo 東京成蹊氣象觀測所 Tokyo, Japan 日本東京
The whole eclipse can be observed in this area. For times of eclipse stages, please refer to here. 上述地點可見整個月食過程。有關月食時間詳見這裡

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Information about the eclipse 是次月食資料

After the total lunar eclipse in June, another total eclipse of the moon will occur on December 10 this year. However this eclipse is not central and totality lasts for only 51 minutes. The whole eclipse is visible in much of Asia and Oceania; observers in Europe and Africa will see the eclipse at moonrise while North American residents will see that at moonset. This eclipse will not be observable in South America.

繼 6 月出現月全食後,本年 12 月 10 日將再出現一次月全食,但此並非中心食,全食時間只有 51 分鐘。是次月食於亞洲大部分地區和大洋洲全程可見,而歐洲和非洲居民則可於月出時看到月食,至於北美洲的觀測者則可見帶食月落。這次月食於南美洲不可見。

Map courtesy of NASA 月食圖由美國太空總署提供

The following shows some general details about the eclipse:

下表列出是次月食的一般性資料 :

Eclipse series and characteristics
月食序列和特徵
Saros series number 沙羅序列號碼 135 (occurring at descending node 降交點月食)
Member in the series 序列中次數 23 out of 71 | 71 次中的第 23 次
Gamma 伽馬數 -0.3882 earth radii 地球半徑
Event
事件
Time in UTC/HKT
時間 (世界協調時 / 香港時間)
/
P1 - Moon enters Earth's penumbra (penumbral eclipse starts)
P1 - 月球進入地球的半影 (半影月食開始)
12/10 11:33:36 UTC; 19:33:36 HKT
U1 - Moon enters Earth's umbra (partial eclipse starts)
U1 - 月球進入地球的本影 (初虧,月偏食開始)
12/10 12:45:43 UTC; 20:45:43 HKT
U2 - Moon fully enters Earth's umbra (total eclipse starts)
U2 - 整個月球進入地球的本影 (食既,月全食開始)
12/10 14:06:16 UTC; 22:06:16 HKT

Greatest eclipse
食甚

12/10 14:31:49 UTC; 22:31:49 HKT
U3 - Moon starts to leave Earth's umbra (total eclipse ends)
U3 - 月球開始離開地球的本影 (生光,月全食結束)
12/10 14:57:24 UTC; 22:57:24 HKT

U4 - Moon fully leaves Earth's umbra (partial eclipse ends)
U4 - 整個月球離開地球的本影 (復圓,月偏食結束)

12/10 16:17:58 UTC; 12/11 00:17:58 HKT
P4 - Moon fully leaves Earth's penumbra (penumbral eclipse ends)
P4 - 整個月球離開地球的半影 (半影月食結束)
12/10 17:29:57 UTC; 12/11 01:29:57 HKT
Information at greatest eclipse
食甚 (食分最大) 時資料
Time 時間 12/10 14:31:49 UTC; 22:31:49 HKT
Penumbral Magnitude (P) and Umbral Magnitude (U) 半影食分 (P) 和本影食分 (U) P: 2.1860; U: 1.1061

All places that can observe this eclipse (no matter what the Moon's position is) will experience the aforementioned events in the times indicated above.

所有可以看見月食的地點均會在上述時間看見該等事件。

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Local (HK) circumstances 本地 (香港) 情況

Observers in Hong Kong missed the June eclipse due to extensive cloud cover. Weather permitting, this will be another great opportunity for eclipse chasers. The whole process of the eclipse occurs in the first half of the night, and at the time of totality the Moon will be high enough to be visible at most places not severely obscured to the east.

由於多雲關係,香港的觀測者未能觀賞本年 6 月的月全食。如天氣允許,這次月食將再是一次觀賞全食的極佳機會。整個月食過程於上半夜發生,全食時月球仰角較高,東面未被嚴重阻擋的場地應該都可見。

The details are summarized in the following table:

詳細資料整理如下 :

Event for Hong Kong
在香港看到的事件
Time in HKT
香港時間
Lunar Altitude and Azimuth
月球的高度和方位角
Moon enters Earth's penumbra (penumbral eclipse starts)
月球進入地球的半影 (半影月食開始)
12/10 19:33 Altitude 高度 : 26°
Azimuth 方位角 : 075° (ENE 東北偏東)
Moon enters Earth's umbra (partial eclipse starts)
月球進入地球的本影 (初虧,月偏食開始)
12/10 20:45 Altitude 高度 : 41°
Azimuth 方位角 : 079° (E 東)
Moon fully enters Earth's umbra (total eclipse starts)
整個月球進入地球的本影 (食既,月全食開始)
12/10 22:06 Altitude 高度 : 59°
Azimuth 方位角 : 083° (E 東)

Greatest eclipse
食甚

12/10 22:31 Altitude 高度 : 65°
Azimuth 方位角 : 084° (E 東)
Moon starts to leave Earth's umbra (total eclipse ends)
月球開始離開地球的本影 (生光,月全食結束)
12/10 22:57 Altitude 高度 : 70°
Azimuth 方位角 : 085° (E 東)
Moon leaves Earth's umbra (partial eclipse ends)
月球離開地球的本影 (復圓,月偏食結束)
12/11 00:17 Altitude 高度 : 88°
Azimuth 方位角 : 061° (ENE 東北偏東)
Moon leaves Earth's penumbra (penumbral eclipse ends)
月球離開地球的半影 (半影月食結束)
12/11 01:29 Altitude 高度 : 73°
Azimuth 方位角 : 274° (W 西)
Information at greatest magnitude for Hong Kong
香港在最大食分時的資料
Type 類型 Total 月全食
Time 時間 22:31 HKT
Direction of shadow relative to the Moon 地球影子方向 (相對於月球)

Entering from the bottom left hand side; leaving from the top left hand side 由月球的左下方進入,左上方離開

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Future lunar eclipses 未來月食

Lunar eclipses in the next five years (click on the date to see the visible areas for that eclipse):

未來五年的月食資料 (請按下日期以觀看月食可見範圍) :

Date (UTC)
日期 (世界協調時)
Eclipse type
月食類型
Magnitude*
食分*
Eclipse type at HK
香港可見月食類型
Time of greatest eclipse
食甚時香港時間
2012/06/04 Partial 月偏食 P: 1.3428; U: 0.3759 Partial 月偏食 19:03
2012/11/28 Penumbral 半影月食 P: 0.9416; U: -0.1832 Penumbral 半影月食 22:33
2013/04/25 Partial 月偏食 P: 1.0118; U: 0.0205 Partial 月偏食 04/26 04:07
2013/05/25 Penumbral 半影月食 P: 0.0402; U: -0.9279 --- ---
2013/10/18 Penumbral 半影月食 P: 0.7908; U: -0.2666 Penumbral 半影月食 10/19 06:21 (sunrise 日出)
2014/04/15 Total 月全食 P: 2.3182; U: 1.2907 --- ---
2014/10/08 Total 月全食 P: 2.1456; U: 1.1659 Total 月全食 18:55
2015/04/04 Total 月全食 P: 2.0792; U: 1.0008 Total 月全食 20:00
2015/09/28 Total 月全食 P: 2.2296; U: 1.2764 --- ---
2016/03/23 Penumbral 半影月食 P: 0.7747; U: -0.3118 Penumbral 半影月食 19:47
2016/09/16 Penumbral 半影月食 P: 0.9080; U: -0.0635 Penumbral 半影月食 09/17 02:54

* P represents penumbral magnitude while U represents umbral magnitude.
* P 和 U 分別代表半影食分和本影食分。

A partial and a penumbral eclipse will be visible in Hong Kong in 2012, while the next tetrad will occur in 2014 and 2015 with two visible in Hong Kong.

2012 年本港可見一次月偏食及一次半影月食,而下一組連續四次全食將於 2014 / 2015 年出現,其中兩次於香港可見。

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Lunar eclipse basic knowledge 月食基礎知識

The following information is quoted from Wikipedia. 以下資料摘自維基百科

A lunar eclipse occurs whenever the Moon passes through some portion of the Earth's shadow. This can occur only when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are aligned exactly, or very closely so, with the Earth in the middle. Hence, there is always a full moon the night of a lunar eclipse. The type and length of an eclipse depend upon the Moon's location relative to its orbital nodes.

月食,又作月蝕,是當月球運行進入地球的陰影(本影部份)時,原本可被太陽光照亮的部份,有部份或全部不能被直射陽光照亮,使得位於地球的觀測者無法看到普通的月相的天文現象。月食發生時,太陽、地球、月球恰好或幾乎在同一條直線上,因此月食必定發生在滿月的晚上(農曆十五、十六、或十七)。地球陰影位於地球公轉軌道面(黃道面)內,此平面與月球軌道面(白道面)並不重合,黃白道面交角約5度;大多數滿月時,月球不在黃道面內,而是或偏北或偏南,不在地球陰影內,因此並不是每個滿月時,都發生月食。每年發生至少兩次月食。

The shadow of the Earth can be divided into two distinctive parts: the umbra and penumbra. Within the umbra, there is no direct solar radiation. However, as a result of the Sun's large angular size, solar illumination is only partially blocked in the outer portion of the Earth's shadow, which is given the name penumbra.

A penumbral eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through the Earth's penumbra. The penumbra does not cause any noticeable darkening of the Moon's surface, though some may argue it turns a little yellow. A special type of penumbral eclipse is a total penumbral eclipse, during which the Moon lies exclusively within the Earth's penumbra. Total penumbral eclipses are rare, and when these occur, that portion of the Moon which is closest to the umbra can appear somewhat darker than the rest of the Moon.

A partial lunar eclipse occurs when only a portion of the Moon enters the umbra. When the Moon travels completely into the Earth's umbra, one observes a total lunar eclipse. The Moon's speed through the shadow is about one kilometer per second (2,300 mph), and totality may last up to nearly 107 minutes. Nevertheless, the total time between the Moon's first and last contact with the shadow is much longer, and could last up to 3.8 hours. The relative distance of the Moon from the Earth at the time of an eclipse can affect the eclipse's duration. In particular, when the Moon is near its apogee, the farthest point from the Earth in its orbit, its orbital speed is the slowest. The diameter of the umbra does not decrease much with distance. Thus, a totally-eclipsed Moon occurring near apogee will lengthen the duration of totality.

The Moon does not completely disappear as it passes through the umbra because of the refraction of sunlight by the Earth's atmosphere into the shadow cone; if the Earth had no atmosphere, the Moon would be completely dark during an eclipse. The red colouring arises because sunlight reaching the Moon must pass through a long and dense layer of the Earth's atmosphere, where it is scattered. Shorter wavelengths are more likely to be scattered by the small particles, and so by the time the light has passed through the atmosphere, the longer wavelengths dominate. This resulting light we perceive as red. This is the same effect that causes sunsets and sunrises to turn the sky a reddish colour; an alternative way of considering the problem is to realise that, as viewed from the Moon, the Sun would appear to be setting (or rising) behind the Earth.

The amount of refracted light depends on the amount of dust or clouds in the atmosphere; this also controls how much light is scattered. In general, the dustier the atmosphere, the more that other wavelengths of light will be removed (compared to red light), leaving the resulting light a deeper red colour. This causes the resulting coppery-red hue of the Moon to vary from one eclipse to the next. Volcanoes are notable for expelling large quantities of dust into the atmosphere, and a large eruption shortly before an eclipse can have a large effect on the resulting colour.

月食有三種類型:

由於地球的本影比月球大得多,這也意味著在發生月全食時,月球會完全進入地球的本影區內,所以不會出現月環食這種現象。

月食過程:

  1. 半影食始:月球剛剛和半影區接觸,這時月球表面光度略為減少,但肉眼較難覺察。
  2. 初虧:月球由東緣慢慢進入地影,月球與地球本影第一次外切。
  3. 食既:月球進入地球本影,並與本影第一次內切。
  4. 食甚:月圓面中心與地球本影中心最接近的瞬間,此時前後月球表面呈紅銅色或暗紅色。(原因:大陽光經過地球大氣層時發生折射,使光線向內側偏折,但每種光的偏折程度不一樣(色散),紅光偏折程度最大,最接近地球陰影,映在月球上;此外,由於大氣層的灰塵及雲的含量與位置不同,光線偏折程度會有不同,因此月全食時的月球是暗紅、紅銅、或橙色的。同樣的道理,由於大氣層的折射,朝陽與夕陽不是白色的,而根據高度因為大氣折射程度不同,呈現橙色或紅色。)
  5. 生光:月球在地球本影內移動,並與地球本影第二次內切。
  6. 復圓:月球逐漸離開地球本影,與地球本影第二次外切。
  7. 半影食終:月球離開半影,整個月食過程正式完結。

月偏食沒有食既、生光過程,食甚也只表示最接近地球陰影的時刻。

Please read the Wikipedia article for more. 欲得到更多資料,請瀏覽相關條目

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More eclipse info 更多日月食資訊

For more information on eclipses, visit our "Eclipse Q&A" section (total 3 pages) and "Eclipse Dates and Numbers - Lunar Eclipse".

如欲得知更多有關日月食的資訊,請到本網的 "日月食問與答" 一節 (共三頁) 和 "月食日期和數字"。


Eclipse times and information are based on Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA's GSFC. NASA's lunar eclipse page: here.

Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Fri Mar 29 2024 02:48:49 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Mon Jul 24 2023