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TC Watch / 熱帶氣旋 > Selected TC Review / 重要熱帶氣旋回顧 > 202426W (TORAJI 桃芝) [Refresh 更新]

202426W (TORAJI 桃芝) - Profile 檔案

(First draft issued on November 20, 2024, final version issued on May 3, 2025)
(初稿於 2024 年 11 月 20 日發出，最後版本於 2025 年 5 月 3 日上載)

Brief profile of TORAJI | 桃芝小檔案:

^Refers to the period between the HK Observatory's first and last bulletins for the tropical cyclone (with at least tropical depression intensity). For storms formed/dissipated/transformed into an extratropical cyclone outside the area bounded by 7-36°N and 100-140°E, information from the JTWC will be used instead.
^即香港天文台為該熱帶氣旋（熱帶低氣壓級或更高）作出發佈的時期。至於在北緯 7 至 36 度、東經 100 至 140 度外形成／消散／轉化為溫帶氣旋的風暴，本網將參考聯合颱風警報中心的資料。

TC signals in Hong Kong* 香港曾經生效的熱帶氣旋警告*:

Signal 信號	Date and time 日期和時間	Distance from HK 與香港的距離	Predicted movement 預測移動趨勢	Max. 10-min winds 中心最高十分鐘平均風速
	2024/11/11 (MON) 22:20 HKT	SE 740 km	NW at 15 km/h	120 km/h (65 knots, T)
	2024/11/13 (WED) 14:40 HKT	SE 230 km	WNW at 12 km/h	85 km/h (45 knots, TS)
	2024/11/13 (WED) 23:10 HKT	SSE 170 km	W/WNW Slowly	85 km/h (45 knots, TS)
	2024/11/14 (THU) 10:20 HKT	S 130 km	W Slowly	75 km/h (40 knots, TS)
	2024/11/14 (THU) 22:20 HKT	SSW 150 km	W Slowly	55 km/h (30 knots, TD)
	2024/11/15 (FRI) 01:20 HKT	SW 170 km	W/WSW Slowly	45 km/h (25 knots, TD)

*Based on the information from real-time tropical cyclone warning bulletins.
*根據實時熱帶氣旋警報資料。

Percentile Ranks 百分等級:

IR imagery animation 紅外線雲圖動畫:

Radar animation 雷達圖動畫:

TC track from HKWW 本站的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

TC track(s) from HKO 天文台的熱帶氣旋路徑圖:

Past HKWW Bulletins 本站發佈

Please click here for bulletins on this tropical cyclone. 請按這裡。

Storm Development Overview 風暴發展概覽

Unless otherwise stated, all times below are in Hong Kong Standard Time (UTC+8)
除非特別註明，下文時間均為香港標準時間（協調世界時加 8 小時）

TORAJI developed as tropical disturbance 92W in early November. It was one of the four named tropical cyclones that coexisted in the northwest Pacific and South China Sea at that time, the first such occurrence in November since observations at the JMA began in 1951. Having moved west for several days, 92W's convections consolidated on November 9, prompting the JTWC to issue a tropical cyclone formation alert and the JMA to issue a gale warning for the system early that day.

Initial model predictions favoured a general west to west-northwesterly track towards northern Philippines and into the South China Sea, where 92W would weaken gradually as it would then meet the dry northeast monsoon. In the afternoon of November 9, both the JTWC and JMA upgraded the system into tropical depression 26W and tropical storm TORAJI, respectively. TORAJI benefited from the very warm sea temperatures and the extremely low vertical wind shear in the Philippine Sea, and intensified quickly over the next two days. By late November 10, TORAJI had formed a solid central dense overcast and developed into a typhoon, and it started to move west-northwest that day.

TORAJI made landfall in the province of Aurora in eastern Luzon just after 8 am November 11 as a category 1 typhoon. TORAJI's circulation was heavily disrupted by the terrain in northern Philippines; its solid core reduced into a patch of much weaker convections spinning around its centre by the time it moved into the South China Sea that night. Various official agencies downgraded TORAJI into a severe tropical storm (or an equivalent intensity) as soon as it entered the Sea.

TORAJI almost moved northwest as it approached the northern part of the South China Sea. The forecasts at that time had TORAJI turn west when it reached 20°N or above, then weaken gradually and deflect to the southwest under the low-level steering. The storm suffered from lower sea temperatures, intrusion of drier air and higher vertical wind shear as it gained latitude. Many agencies further downgraded TORAJI into a tropical storm on November 12. There was a burst of convective activities in the western half of the storm that night, but they were short-lived.

TORAJI continued to move west-northwest on November 13, bringing it to a latitude of almost 21°N by the end of the day, which was at a more northerly position than previously forecast. By that time, TORAJI was shrinking in size and its deep convections were restricted to its northern semicircle due to the wind shear. TORAJI turned west early on November 14 and its low-level circulation centre began to decouple from the upper-level convections. That morning, TORAJI's low-level circulation centre became completely exposed. It continued to lose convections during the day, and weakened into a tropical depression. Most agencies stopped tracking the system early on November 15 as only a shallow, small-sized spinning core remained. TORAJI's remnants moved south to south-southeast on November 15 as it began to be influenced by another cyclone USAGI, which was only several hundred kilometres to the east and was crossing the Luzon Strait at that time.

桃芝前身的熱帶擾動 92W 於 11 月初形成，此系統為當時西北太平洋及南海中四個同時存在的命名熱帶氣旋之一，這是自 1951 年日本氣象廳有紀錄以來首次於 11 月出現此情景。92W 西移數天後，於 11 月 9 日有所整合，聯合颱風警報中心及日本氣象廳於當天早段分別對其發出熱帶氣旋形成警報及烈風警告。

初時數值模式預測 92W 將大致向西至西北偏西移動，趨向菲律賓北部並進入南海，屆時將受乾燥的東北季候風影響而減弱。11 月 9 日下午，聯合颱風警報中心及日本氣象廳分別將 92W 升格為熱帶低氣壓 26W 及熱帶風暴桃芝。桃芝受惠於菲律賓以東海域的溫暖洋面及極低的垂直風切變，於其後兩天以較快速度增強。10 日後段，桃芝發展出一紮實的中心密集雲區並增強為颱風，亦開始向西北偏西移動。

桃芝於 11 月 11 日上午 8 時過後登陸呂宋東部的奧羅拉省，登陸時強度為一級颱風。桃芝的環流受菲律賓北部的地形嚴重擾亂；當晚風暴進入南海，其紮實的核心變成一團較弱的對流，繼續環繞著風暴中心轉動。官方氣象機構於桃芝入海時紛紛將其降格為強烈熱帶風暴（或相同等級）。

桃芝靠近南海北部時幾乎向西北移動。當時的預報顯示桃芝會於北緯 20 度或以上西轉，逐漸減弱並隨低層流場轉向西南移動。隨著風暴北移，它受較低海溫、乾空氣入侵及較高垂直風切變影響。多數氣象機構於 11 月 12 日進一步將桃芝降格為熱帶風暴。當晚桃芝西半圓有對流爆發，但維持時間短暫。

桃芝於 11 月 13 日繼續向西北偏西移動，當晚移至接近北緯 21 度，較先前預測偏北。此時，桃芝的環流逐漸縮小，其深層對流因風切變影響而局限於其北半圓。桃芝於 14 日早段轉向偏西移動，其低層環流中心開始脫離高層對流，早上低層環流中心完全外露。風暴的對流當天繼續減少，並減弱為熱帶低氣壓。至 15 日，桃芝只剩下一個淺層細小的旋轉中心，大部份機構停止作出發佈。另一氣旋天兔於 15 日橫過呂宋海峽，它與桃芝的距離只有數百公里。桃芝的殘餘於當天開始受天兔的牽引，向南至東南偏南移動。

Weather in Hong Kong During Approach 風暴影響時香港天氣狀況

Link to relevant HKO weather report bulletins: 11/11 ● 12/11 ● 13/11 ● 14/11 ● 15/11
香港天文台相關天氣報告連結： 11/11 ● 12/11 ● 13/11 ● 14/11 ● 15/11

Before TORAJI entered the South China Sea, the weather was improving in Hong Kong following the approach of cyclone YINXING. At noon of November 11, the HK Observatory indicated that TORAJI would come to within 800 km of Hong Kong that night, and that the #1 Standby Signal would be issued between 8 pm and midnight November 12. It further mentioned the possibility of issuing the #3 Strong Wind Signal later on November 12 or early on November 13.

The #1 Signal was issued at 10:20 pm November 11, when TORAJI was about 740 km southeast of Hong Kong. TORAJI continued to move west-northwest on November 12, but it was still quite far away from the territory and was weakening. It was mainly sunny that day with maximum temperatures reaching 30 degrees at various places. The temperature reached 33.2 degrees at Lau Fau Shan.

TORAJI came to within 400 km of Hong Kong in the small hours of November 13. An outer rainband reached the territory in the early morning; most locations recorded a few millimetres of rainfall. At 10 am, the Observatory mentioned that winds were expected to strengthen in the afternoon, reaching gale force occasionally in offshore areas and on high ground. Because of this, the #3 Strong Wind Signal would be issued at 2:40 pm. As TORAJI was expected to weaken while it approached southern China, the Observatory indicated that whether higher signals were needed would depend on TORAJI's intensity on approach, the distance of its associated gale winds from the Pearl River Estuary, and the local wind conditions.

The Government Flying Service sent a reconnaissance aircraft to TORAJI's centre in the morning of November 13, and observed a near-sea-level wind speed of 26 m/s (93.6 km/h). This suggested that storm force winds (88-117 km/h) were still present and that TORAJI might have been a severe tropical storm at that time. TORAJI had moved to around 230 km southeast of Hong Kong when the #3 Signal was issued. In the Tropical Cyclone Warning For Shipping issued at 3:30 pm that day, TORAJI's estimated gale force wind radius was revised upwards from 75 NM (139 km) to 90 NM (167 km), possibly as a result of the dropsonde observations. As TORAJI was then expected to skirt within 150 to 200 km of Hong Kong, this increase suggested the possibility of the need to issue the #8 Gale or Storm Signal.

Over the next couple of hours, TORAJI took a more northerly course and was only 200 km from Hong Kong by 7 pm November 13. Winds were generally strengthening, but few stations managed to reach strong force due to the sheltering effect of northerly winds. At 8:17 pm, the Observatory decided to issue the #8 Gale or Storm Signal at 11:10 pm; the Signal would remain in force at least until 10 am the next day. This broke the post-war record of the latest date in a year that the #8 Signal was issued. Following this decision, the Education Bureau announced that all AM and whole-day schools would be suspended on November 14. The handling of laden cargoes was suspended at 11 pm, while local railway and bus services generally remained normal for the day. In a rare occurrence, the Hong Kong Jockey Club announced that the horse race meeting in progress at Happy Valley that night would be suspended, with Races 7 to 9 cancelled.

Two hours before the signal change, the Observatory issued the Pre-No. 8 Special Announcement. TORAJI's main convective activities were sheared to the north; its rainbands reached the territory after 9 pm and this was associated with a mild increase in wind speeds. By 11 pm, TORAJI had moved to about 170 km south-southeast of Hong Kong, and had started to turn west. Rain had become more persistent, but TORAJI's more intense rainbands remained in the seas east of Hong Kong, and were never able to progress westwards to reach the territory. The local wind direction veered to the northeast in the small hours of November 14; gale force winds were observed at Cheung Chau Beach, Tate's Cairn and Waglan Island, while more stations recorded strong force winds, including Central Pier and North Point that are within the Victoria Harbour.

TORAJI was closest to Hong Kong at around 5 am November 14, when it passed at a distance of about 130 km to the south. At 6 am, the Observatory mentioned that the #8 Signal would be replaced by the #3 Strong Wind Signal between 10 am and noon, and the time was confirmed to be 10:20 am one hour later. Many employees thus had a half-day off and would only need to report to work in the afternoon. This also marked the first time that the local stock exchange and securities markets remained open while the #8 Signal was in force, following a change in the regulations in September.

As TORAJI decelerated and remained almost stationary for several hours in the morning of November 14, it was still at about 130 km south of Hong Kong when the #3 Signal was issued. Veering to the east, winds at many places remained rather strong or were even strengthening at that time, although it was evident that the official criteria for the #8 Signal (gale winds in at least 4 out of the 8 reference stations) would never be reached. Stations such as Cheung Chau, Green Island, Ngong Ping, Peng Chau, Sai Kung, Tai Mei Tuk, Tai Po Kau and Tap Mun (as well as a number of stations without observing strong force winds) registered the strongest winds during TORAJI's approach in the few hours before or after the signal change.

TORAJI continued to weaken in the afternoon and local winds generally moderated at that time. However, occasional squally showers continued to affect Hong Kong in the afternoon and at night. The #3 Signal remained in force until 10:20 pm, when it was replaced by the #1 Standby Signal. The #1 Signal was cancelled at 1:20 am November 15. The weather remained gloomy and unstable on November 15 and 16.

During November 14, more than 10 mm of rain was recorded in many parts of the territory, and some locations in eastern Hong Kong received more than 20 mm. As of 10 am November 14, the government received 13 reports of fallen trees. One person received treatment at the Accident and Emergency Department of a public hospital for storm-related injuries.

桃芝進入南海前，另一氣旋銀杏剛移離，本港天氣正在改善。11 月 11 日正午，香港天文台提及桃芝將於當晚進入本港 800 公里範圍，會於下午 8 時至午夜發出一號戒備信號，更提及將考慮於 12 日稍後至 13 日初時改發三號強風信號。

一號信號於 11 月 11 日下午 10 時 20 分發出，當時桃芝位於香港東南約 740 公里。桃芝於 12 日繼續向西北偏西移動，但仍距離香港較遠，並逐漸減弱。當天本港大致天晴，多處氣溫達 30 度，其中流浮山更錄得 33.2 度的高溫。

桃芝於 11 月 13 日凌晨進入本港 400 公里範圍。一道外圍雨帶於當天清晨抵達，大部份地區錄得數毫米雨量。上午 10 時，天文台預料風勢將於下午增強，離岸及高地間中達烈風程度，三號強風信號將於下午 2 時 40 分發出。由於預料桃芝靠近南海北部時會減弱，天文台指出是否需要改發更高信號將視乎桃芝靠近時的強度、其烈風區與珠江口的距離及本地風勢。

11 月 13 日早上，政府飛行服務隊派遣定翼機飛至桃芝的中心，測得近海平面最高風速達每秒 26 米（每小時 93.6 公里），顯示當時桃芝中心附近仍有暴風區（風速介乎每小時 88 至 117 公里），桃芝或仍達強烈熱帶風暴級。三號信號發出時，桃芝位於香港東南約 230 公里。在當天下午 3 時 30 分發出的「為船舶提供的熱帶氣旋警告」中，天文台將桃芝的烈風圈半徑由 75 海里（139 公里）上調至 90 海里（167 公里），這有機會是基於早上飛機監測數據而作出的調整。由於預料桃芝將於本港 150 至 200 公里範圍掠過，此調整表示或有需要發出八號烈風或暴風信號。

其後數小時，桃芝移向較為偏北，於 11 月 13 日下午 7 時距港只有 200 公里。本地風勢普遍正在增強，但由於北風多被屏蔽，只有少數站點風力達強風程度。下午 8 時 17 分，天文台決定於下午 11 時 10 分改發八號烈風或暴風信號，該信號將至少維持至翌日上午 10 時。這打破二戰後年內最遲發出八號信號的紀錄。因應即將改發八號信號，教育局宣佈所有上午校及全日制學校將於 11 月 14 日停課一天。貨櫃碼頭的重櫃交收服務於下午 11 時暫停，而本地鐵路及巴士服務大致維持正常至尾班車。適逢快活谷正舉行夜馬賽事，香港賽馬會罕有地宣佈當晚餘下場次（即第 7 至 9 場賽事）將會取消。

信號轉變前兩小時，天文台發出預警八號熱帶氣旋警告信號之特別報告。桃芝的主要對流活動被切離至風暴北面，其雨帶於下午 9 時後到達本港，風勢此時稍為增強。下午 11 時，桃芝移至香港東南偏南約 170 公里並開始轉向偏西移動，雨勢變得持續，但桃芝較強的雨區停留在香港以東海域，始終未能西移至本港。11 月 14 日凌晨，本地風向順轉至東北，長洲泳灘、大老山及橫瀾島吹烈風，較多站點吹強風，包括位於維港內的中環碼頭及北角。

桃芝於 11 月 14 日上午約 5 時最接近本港，於南面約 130 公里處掠過。天文台於上午 6 時表示八號信號將於上午 10 時至正午被三號強風信號取代，一小時後確認改發時間為上午 10 時 20 分。大多數「打工仔」因而可放半天風假，下午才上班。由於「惡劣天氣不停市」制度已於 9 月實行，這是首次本港股票及證券市場於八號信號生效期間仍然維持正常交易。

桃芝於 11 月 14 日早上減速，有幾小時更幾乎停留不動，因此三號信號發出時風暴仍然位於香港以南約 130 公里。當時不少站點風向轉為偏東，風勢維持較強水平甚至有所增強，但明顯不會增強至八號信號達標的水平（即 8 個參考站中有至少 4 個吹烈風）。長洲、青洲、昂坪、坪洲、西貢、大美督、大埔滘及塔門等站，以及部分未有錄得強風的測風站於改發三號信號前後數小時錄得桃芝襲港期間的最高風速。

下午桃芝繼續減弱，本港風勢此時逐漸緩和，但下午及當晚仍有幾陣狂風驟雨。三號信號維持至下午 10 時 20 分被一號戒備信號取代，而一號信號亦於 11 月 15 日上午 1 時 20 分取消。15 及 16 日天氣仍然不穩定，陰雨天氣持續。

11 月 14 日期間，本港大多數地區錄得超過 10 毫米雨量，東部達 20 毫米。截至當天上午 10 時，政府共接獲 13 宗塌樹報告，一人於風暴中受傷並於公立醫院急症室接受治療。

Image Gallery 圖片庫

Figure 1 - GFS (top left) and ECMWF (top right) ensemble track forecasts at 8 am November 10, and deterministic track forecasts from various numerical models at the same time (bottom)
圖 1 - 11 月 10 日 GFS（左上）及 ECMWF（右上）模式之集成預報圖，以及同一時間各數值模式之確定預報圖（下）

Figure 2 - Forecast tracks from various official agencies at 2 or 5 pm November 9 (left) and 8 am November 12 (right)
圖 2 - 11 月 9 日下午 2 或 5 時（左）及 12 日上午 8 時（右）之官方機構預測路徑圖

Figure 3 - Satellite image of TORAJI just as it made landfall in eastern Luzon
圖 3 - 桃芝剛登陸呂宋東部時之衛星雲圖

Figure 4 - Steering flow chart at 8 am November 12. TORAJI was the second tropical cyclone from the left.
圖 4 - 11 月 12 日上午 8 時之駛流場分佈圖，桃芝為左起第二個熱帶氣旋

Figure 5 - HKO's weather chart at 8 am November 12 showing three named tropical cyclones
圖 5 - 11 月 12 日上午 8 時香港天文台之天氣圖顯示三個已被命名的熱帶氣旋

Figure 6 - Satellite image at 10:30 am November 12 showing all four named active tropical cyclones in the northwest Pacific and South China Sea: YINXING, TORAJI, USAGI and MAN-YI (circled, from left to right)
圖 6 - 11 月 12 日上午 10 時 30 分之衛星雲圖顯示西北太平洋及南海中四個已被命名的活躍熱帶氣旋：銀杏、桃芝、天兔及萬宜（紅圈示；由左至右）

Figure 7 - JTWC's forecast map at 8 pm November 13. The agency had apparently mistracked the system to be at a much more northerly position than it actually was at that time.
圖 7 - 11 月 13 日下午 8 時之聯合颱風警報中心預測圖，該中心的定位明顯較桃芝當時實際位置為北

Figure 8 - Satellite image of TORAJI at 1 am November 14, showing that its low-level circulation (grey) was decoupling from the deep convections above (white)
圖 8 - 11 月 14 日上午 1 時之衛星雲圖顯示桃芝的低層環流（灰色）正脫離其上方的深層對流（白色）

Figure 9 - Wind field analysis at 8:59 pm November 13 (left) and 9:27 am November 14 (right)
圖 9 - 11 月 13 日下午 8 時 59 分（左）及 11 月 14 日上午 9 時 27 分（右）之風場掃描圖

Figure 10 - Estimated wind field distribution map at 8 am November 14
圖 10 - 11 月 14 日上午 8 時之估算風場分佈圖

Figure 11 - Radar images at 4-hour intervals from 5 pm November 13 to 1 pm November 14
圖 11 - 11 月 13 日下午 5 時至 14 日下午 1 時每四小時之雷達圖

Figure 12 - Local weather element distribution maps at 4-hour intervals from 5 pm November 13 to 1 pm November 14 (strong winds or above are represented by red wind barbs)
圖 12 - 11 月 13 日下午 5 時至 14 日下午 1 時每四小時之本港天氣元素分布圖 (強風或以上風速以紅色風矢標示)

Figure 13 - Wind speed time series at Cheung Chau Beach, Ngong Ping, North Point, Tate's Cairn, Tap Mun and Waglan Island (top to bottom) between November 13 and 14
圖 13 - 長洲泳灘、昂坪、北角、大老山、塔門及橫瀾島（上至下）於 11 月 13 至 14 日之風速時間序列圖

Figure 14 - Satellite image animation showing the remnants of TORAJI moving south-southeast under the influence of another cyclone USAGI to the east
圖 14 - 衛星雲圖顯示桃芝的殘餘受東面另一氣旋天兔的影響而向東南偏南移動

Figure 15 - Daily rainfall distribution maps for November 14 (left) and 15 (right)
圖 15 - 11 月 14 日（左）及 15 日（右）之雨量分佈圖

Winds Recorded at Reference Stations 參考站所錄得的風速

The following table lists the maximum 10-minute average (sustained) wind speed recorded while tropical cyclone signals were in force. In some occasions, it is possible that the strongest winds were not recorded when the highest signal was in force.

下表列出各站於熱帶氣旋警告信號生效時所錄得的最高 10 分鐘平均（持續）風速，留意此風速不一定於最高信號生效期間錄得。

*The anemometer at Chek Lap Kok was relocated to the new North Runway (third runway) on March 25, 2024. [HKO announcement]
*赤鱲角的風速計自 2024 年 3 月 25 日起遷移至新北跑道（第三跑道）。[香港天文台相關公佈]

Charts and Figures 各項數據

Table 1: Track data from HKWW:
表一 : 香港天氣觀測站之路徑資料

Table 2: Maximum gust and hourly average wind speed recorded in Hong Kong from HKO:
表二 : 香港天文台公佈的各站最高每小時平均風力和陣風數據 (英文)

Table 3: Rainfall (in millimetres) contributed by TORAJI from HKO (figures in brackets are based on incomplete hourly data):
表三 : 香港天文台公佈的各站雨量資料 (英文) (方括號內之數據由不完整之每小時資料擷取)

Last Accessed 最近訪問日期: Thu Apr 16 2026 00:04:25 HKT
Last Modified 最近修訂日期: Sat May 03 2025